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| Founded By: | Alan Miller, Bob Whitehead |
| Location: | 5300 Stevens Creek Blvd., Suite 500, San Jose, California, 95129 USA |
| Year Started: | 1983 |
| Year Wound Up: | 1999 |
| Titles in Database: | 87 |
| Rights Now With: | Infogrames (1999) |
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| Accolade was an American video game developer and publisher of the 1980s and 1990s. Headquartered in San Jose, California, it was founded in 1984 by game industry veterans Alan Miller and Bob Whitehead. Miller and Whitehead founded Accolade after leaving another game developer and publisher they had founded, Activision, the world's first third-party game developer.
The 'Accolade' name was chosen mostly on the basis that their former place of employment (Activision to be specific) was based on an alphabetically higher name than Atari (which both of them worked at before co-founding Activision), and they wanted their name to be above Activision.
Accolade was a success early on, due to their technical prowess, and many former Activision employees coming over to the company. Accolade's luck would turn around in the early 1990s due to the small recession. The company's sales declined, Alan Miller left (in 1994), and it was only five years later that they were acquired by Infogrames (which ironically changed their name to Atari in 2003, the name of the company the co-founders started at).
They were also involved in an unprecedented lawsuit between them and Sega over licensing issues with the Sega Genesis and re-engineering the Genesis to bypass the lockout chips that ensure Sega's licensing of the games. |
Titles per Year
Breakdown by Genre
Breakdown by Platform
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Added: 21 May 2013 Early years
According to legend, Miller and Whitehead named their company "Accolade" because it came before "Activision" alphabetically—implying that Accolade was superior to their previous company. Apparently when forming Activision, they chose that name because it came before "Atari". Later, a new game development company, Acclaim, another company formed from ex-Activision employees, apparently formulated their name because it came before "Accolade."[2] Absolute Entertainment, again, a third company formed from ex-Activision people, ended up being first with the 'first in the alphabet' race.
HardBall!, here seen on the Commodore 64, started a series that went on to become one of Accolade's most popular franchises.
Accolade developed for most 1980s-era home computers, including the Commodore 64, Atari 400 & 800, the Amiga, Apple II and the PC. Some of their first titles include Law of the West, Psi-5 Trading Company, The Dam Busters, Mean 18 Golf, Test Drive, and HardBall!. Test Drive and HardBall! went on to become two of Accolade's longest-running franchises.
As the popularity of other systems waned, Accolade focused on PC and console development, including the NES, Mega Drive/Genesis, SNES and PlayStation during those systems' popularity.
All of Accolade's initial titles were developed in-house. But being a publisher as well as a developer, Accolade began to publish titles produced by other developers as well. By the mid-1990s, most of Accolade software development was done by third-party developers.
In October 1991, Accolade was served with a lawsuit regarding copyright infringement, that eventually led to the concept of reverse engineering for interoperability purposes. Sega wanted to keep a hold on their consoles, and wanted all its games exclusive to Sega. Unwilling to conform to single platform games, Accolade engineers reverse engineered the Sega Genesis console and created their own development systems; until then, game developers had to obtain the systems from Sega in order to develop games for the platform. Sega sued Accolade over the practice and won an initial injunction, forcing Accolade to remove all Genesis product from store shelves. Accolade, however, won on appeal and reached an out of court settlement with Sega that allowed Accolade to continue building their own Genesis cartridges, but as an official licensee.
This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2013)
Demise
The company had marginal successes during the early 1990s. Bubsy for the Mega Drive/Genesis and Super Nintendo sold well and was the company's best-selling game until Test Drive 4 came out in 1997. Star Control 2 for the PC (1992, DOS) is still very well regarded and was one of the highest rated games of its time.
However, beginning in the mid-1990s, Accolade started publishing a variety of games of differing genres which were undistinguished and lacked polish.
During a conference of management and producers, Accolade decided to focus only on sports and action games. Accolade already had several franchises based in these categories. Franchises in the sports genre included HardBall!, Unnecessary Roughness and Jack Nicklaus Golf. In the broad "action" category they had the long-running franchise Test Drive.
Bob Whitehead left Accolade shortly after its founding; Alan Miller left in 1995. Before Miller left, the position of CEO was taken over by Peter Harris, who was placed there by Prudential Investments (Prudential had made a US$10 million investment in the company). Harris was on the board of directors and was formerly the CEO of FAO Schwarz and after Accolade, became the president of the San Francisco 49ers. Harris left the fate of the company in the hands of game industry neophyte, Jim Barnett. Under Barnett's direction, the company relaunched the successful Test Drive series, began the Test Drive Offroad series and introduced both series to the PlayStation platform.
Acco |
Added: 21 May 2013 Accolade was responsible for publishing many influential games. Some of the best known and best-selling series include Star Control, Test Drive, Jack Nicklaus Golf, HardBall and Bubsy.
4th & Inches 1987
4th & Inches Team Construction Disk 1988
Accolade Comics 1987
Accolade In Action 1990
Ace of Aces 1986
Altered Destiny 1990
Anatomic Man 1988
Apollo 18: Mission to the Moon 1987
Ballz 1994
Bar Games 1989
Barkley Shut Up and Jam! 1994
Battle Isle 2 (PC) 1993
Big Air (PlayStation) 1998
Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure 1991
Blue Angels: Formation Flight Simulation 1989
Brett Hull Hockey 95 1994
Bubble Ghost 1987
Bubsy 3D: Furbitten Planet 1996
Bubsy II 1994
Bubsy in: Claws Encounters of the Furred Kind 1993
Bubsy in: Fractured Furry Tales 1994
Card Sharks 1987
The Cardinal of the Kremlin 1990
Combat Cars (Sega Mega Drive/Genesis) 1994
Cyclemania (PC) 1994
The Cycles: International Grand Prix Racing 1989
The Dam Busters 1984
Day of the Viper 1989
Deadlock: Planetary Conquest (PC) 1996
Deadlock II: Shrine Wars (PC) 1998
Don't Go Alone 1989
Double Dragon (Sega Mega Drive/Genesis) 1992
The Duel: Test Drive II 1989
Elvira: Mistress of the Dark 1990
Elvira II: The Jaws of Cerberus 1991
Eradicator (PC) 1996
Fast Break 1988
Fight Night 1985
Fireteam Rogue unreleased
The Game of Harmony 1990
The Games: Summer Challenge 1991
The Games: Winter Challenge 1992
Grand Prix Circuit 1988
Grand Prix Unlimited 1992
Gunboat 1990
Hardball! 1985
Hardball II 1989
Hardball III 1992
HardBall 4 1994
HardBall 5 1995
HardBall 6 1998
HardBall 6 - 2000 Edition 1999
Heat Wave 1989
Hoverforce 1990
Ishido: The Way of Stones 1990
Jack Nicklaus 4 1997
Jack Nicklaus 5 1998
Jack Nicklaus Golf & Course Design: Signature Edition 1992
Jack Nicklaus' Greatest 18 Holes of Major Championship Golf 1988
Jack Nicklaus' Unlimited Golf & Course Design 1990
Killed Until Dead 1986
Law of the West 1985
Les Manley in: Lost in L.A. 1992
Les Manley in: Search for the King 1990
Mean 18 1986
Mike Ditka Power Football 1991
Mini-Putt 1987
Pelé II: World Tournament Soccer 1994
Pinball Wizard 1987
PO'ed 1995
Power at Sea 1987
Powerboat 1990
Pro Sport Challenge 1991
Project: Space Station 1985
Psi-5 Trading Company 1986
Rack 'Em 1988
Redline 1999
Road & Car 1991
Serve & Volley 1988
Slave Zero (PC, Dreamcast) 1999
Snoopy's Game Club 1992
Speed Racer
Speed Racer in The Challenge of Racer X
Star Control 1990
Star Control II 1992
Star Control 1 & 2 CD Compendium
Star Control 3 1996
Star Control Collection
Steel Thunder 1988
Stratego 1991
Strike Aces 1990
SunDog: Frozen Legacy
Super Bubsy
Test Drive 1987
Test Drive II: The Duel 1989
Test Drive II Car Disk: Musclecars 1989
Test Drive II Car Disk: The Supercars 1989
Test Drive II Scenery Disk: California Challenge 1990
Test Drive II Scenery Disk: European Challenge 1990
Test Drive II: The Collection 1991
Test Drive III: The Passion 1992
Test Drive 4 (PlayStation, PC)
Test Drive 5 (PlayStation, PC)
Test Drive 6 (PlayStation, PC)
Test Drive: Off-Road
Test Drive: Off-Road 2
Test Drive: Off-Road 3
The Third Courier 1990
TKO 1988
The Train: Escape to Normandy 1987
Turrican (Mega Drive/Genesis, TG-16, Game Boy) 1991
Universal Soldier (Mega Drive/Genesis, Game Boy) 1992
Unnecessary Roughness
Unnecessary Roughness '95 (PC, Mega Drive/Genesis)
Unnecessary Roughness '96 (PC)
Waxworks (Amiga, DOS) 1993
Warp Speed (Mega Drive/Genesis)
Winter Challenge
Zero Tolerance (Mega Drive/Genesis)
Zyconix 1992 | The Retro Isle team Added: 3 Feb 2026 Click here to view a list of titles we have in the database here at Retro Isle. | |
Added: 29 May 2011 The company had marginal successes during the early 1990s. Bubsy for the Mega Drive/Genesis and Super Nintendo sold well and was the company's best-selling game until Test Drive 4 came out in 1997. Star Control 2 for the PC (1992, DOS) is still very well regarded and was one of the highest rated games of its time.
However, beginning in the mid-1990s, Accolade started publishing a variety of games of differing genres which were undistinguished and lacked polish.
During a conference of management and producers, Accolade decided to focus only on sports and action games. Accolade already had several franchises based in these categories. Franchises in the sports genre included HardBall!, Unnecessary Roughness and Jack Nicklaus Golf. In the broad "action" category they had the long-running franchise Test Drive.
Alan Miller left Accolade in 1995; Bob Whitehead had left shortly after the founding of the company. Before Miller left, the position of CEO was taken over by Peter Harris who was placed there by Prudential Investments (Prudential had made a USD$10 million investment in the company). Harris was on the board of directors and was formerly the CEO of FAO Schwartz and after Accolade, became the president of the San Francisco 49ers. Harris left the fate of the company in the hands of game industry neophyte, Jim Barnett. Under Barnett's direction, the company relaunched the successful Test Drive series, began the Test Drive Offroad series and introduced both series to the PlayStation platform.
Accolade did well in its early years, but by the 1990s, Accolade's sales suffered and management was forced to enact several rounds of lay-offs. Under Barnett's direction, Accolade was rebuilt around action games and published Test Drive 4, 5 and 6 as well as Test Drive Offroad, all of which sold millions of units and become part of Sony's greatest hits program. Accolade was eventually purchased by French publisher Infogrames in 1999, right after publishing their last game Redline. Accolade was the entry point for Infogrames' North America expansion and was merged with Infogrames' other operations and moved to Los Angeles. All of Accolade's assets are now owned by Atari, SA (née Infogrames). Many employees from the time of the acquisition still work for Atari.
Accolade was located in Silicon Valley (California) at:
5300 Stevens Creek Blvd.
Suite 500
San Jose, California 95129
37°19′21″N 121°59′49″W / 37.322368°N 121.996983°W |
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